United States.
Researchers at Ohio State University have found a way to create the perfect texture inside plastic bottles to allow soap products to flow freely.
The technique involves aligning a plastic bottle with microscopic "and" shaped structures that funnel the floating soap droplets over small air bags, so that the soap never actually touches the inside of the bottle. "Y" structures are constructed using much smaller nanoparticles made of silica or quartz, which when additionally treated, do not stick to soap.
Coatings already exist to help food out of its containers, but not soap, said Bharat Bhushan, Ohio Eminent Scholar. "Compared to soaps, getting tomato sauce out of a bottle is trivial. Our coating repels liquids in general, but getting soap repelled was the hardest part."
The key, they explained, is surface tension, the tendency of molecules of a substance to stick together. Ketchup and other sauces are mostly made from water and water molecules tend to stick to each other more than they stick to plastic.
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